指導教授：梁蓉、Olivier Chatelan

口試委員：Fabienne BOISSIERAS

中文摘要：

在現代社會裡，我們將文化遺產視為歷史證據的象徵，背負著文化傳承的使命。遊客及旅行家們再周遊列國的路程中都不會錯過拜訪這些文化資產的機會。許多國家竭力地保存這些具有代表性的遺產，並再透過觀光業的發展，以保護古蹟的方式下再次利用各自的歷史遺跡。因此，古蹟活化及文化遺產化的概念就此萌生，不僅在台灣和法國，此理念已經漸漸擴展至世界各國，為觀光業開發的主要元素之一。
在2014年訪友的旅程中，來至卡卡松城市，被當地超過兩千年歷史古堡的壯觀所驚艷而著迷。遊走在古堡裡的城牆巷弄之間，看到歷史所走過而留下痕跡，箭塔、城垛、教堂，也同時看到現代觀光業的發展, 餐廳、紀念品店、文化活動。這兩個不同世代的產物在現在可以和諧地共生共存，心中不禁懷有一個疑問: 古堡是如何轉變為既是一個〈文化遺產〉又是一個〈觀光勝地〉？
為了找出這個答案，本論文以此疑問點為出發點，分為三大章節來探討以及分析〈文化遺產〉的概念與〈文化遺產化〉的執行。
首先透過歷史的角度去看古堡建造的過程以及過去王國的興盛與沒落，從西元前約六世紀開始，前後經由羅馬人(Les Romains)，西哥德人(les Wisigoths), 阿拉伯人(les sarrasins)，法蘭克王國的封建時期與王室時期，後來因庇里牛斯條約的簽訂而喪失戰略地位而沒落，險而被拆毀，在當地居民以及文學家梅里美(Mérimée)的捍衛之下得以保住古堡，並派遣維奧萊-勒-杜克(Viollet-le-Duc)建築師來進行修復重建。藉由歷史的角度得以理解過去古堡的各個時代角色與功能演變。
接著我們用理論的角度去探討與分析<文化遺產>概念的起源與定義以及<文化遺產化>的行動，並透過古堡重建整修的過程來詮釋文化遺產化的執行及活化，並搭配觀光業的並存與合作，使古堡同時具有兩個角色。
再來，第三章節我們針對觀光發展的部分來做分析。先比較幾個具代表性的建築來前後比較功能上的轉變和差異，再討論觀光業的正反兩面影響以及近幾年來的觀光效益，來說明文化遺產在觀光業裡的重要性。透過這份研究，從實體層面上看來我們明顯地看到城堡在功能上運用的轉變，從精神層面上來看，是每個時代的思想在流動與改變，而造就於古堡角色上的替換。此外，在現今兩個身份的並存，文化遺產及觀光景點，需取得一個互利的平衡點來維持和諧度，此平衡點不僅僅與涉及管理單位和居民有，更是與身為觀光客的所有人都有密不可分的關係，需要一同努力保護並維持這些珍寶。

英文摘要：

In the modern society, we regard cultural heritages as symbols of the history, which carry the mission of inheriting ethnic cultures. Tourists usually won’t miss the chance to visit these antiquities when they travel around the world. Thus, many countries are trying hard to protect cultural heritages and bring them back to life through the development of tourism. Meanwhile, the concepts of the heritage revitalization and patrimonialization have appeared. It’s not only in Taiwan and nor in France, these ideas are spreading in many parts of world and are considered as principal elements of tourism.
In 2014, I came to Carcassonne for visiting a friend, and was amazed by the charm of its castle with 2 thousand years of history. When walking through the alleys between the walls, I can see that the old monuments, like towers and churches, were still there. In the meantime, I could also see the modern changes, like restaurants and souvenir shops. Then I noticed that these two symbols of different periods of time can be put together harmoniously. At that moment, a question came into my mind: how was the castle transformed into a historical heritage and a tourist site at the same time? In order to find out the answer, in this thesis, I will discuss and analyze the concept of < heritage (patrimoine) > and the execution of < patrimonialization > in three chapters.
In the first chapter, I will try to find out the changes of the functions of the castle and its role throughout the history. According to the recordation, from the 6th century B.C, the Carcassonne Castle was sequentially governed by the Romains, the Wisigoths, the Arabians and the Kingdom of France. Then, because of signing of the Treaty of the Pyrenees, it lost its strategic role and was almost destroyed. But thanks to local people and writer Merimée’s defense, the castle was retained. Later the government sent the architect Viollet-le-Duc to execute its reconstruction.
In the second chapter, I will use theoretical methods to analyze the definition and the origin of < heritage (patrimoine) > and execution of < patrimonialization >. I will also explain how the reconstruction of the castle and its changes throughout the time show the achievement of these theories, that is to say, how the castle can have two identities at the same time.
In the last chapter, I will focus on the influence of tourism. I will firstly analyze the changes of functions of several buildings before and after the reconstruction. Then I will move on to the advantages and disadvantages of the tourism and its benefits of these years to underscore the importance of heritage to the tourism.
Via this research, on the one hand, we can see the changes of the practical functions of the castle ; on the other hand, the mental role it plays also transforms along with the development of thought. Besides, nowadays, its two identities existing at the same time, the cultural heritage and the tourist site, need a balance between them so as to keep the sense of harmony. This not only requires the contribution of local people and of the government, but also concerns every tourist’s effort to protect this cultural treasure.