法文題目：

《 LE VOYAGE AU FÉMININ CHEZ F. TRISTAN ET O. AUDOUARD : RECONSTRUCTION DE SOI ET PRISE DE CONSCIENCE DE L’INJUSTICE SOCIALE 》

指導教授：鄭安群、Florence Godeau

口試委員：鄭安群、Florence Godeau、Laurent Mattiussi

中文摘要：

此論文比較了兩位19世紀的女性旅行作者—— Flora Tristan與Olympe Audouard的遊記與個人日記，這兩位法國女性皆為了婦女權利而奔波。此研究主要聚焦在兩本反映個自人生的作品，分別為Flora的《Pérégrinations d’une Paria》與Audouard的《Voyage à travers mes souvenirs》。前者出版於Tristan的祕魯之行後，目的為宣示自己在西班牙父親那邊的遺產繼承之正當性；後者為Olympe暮年時寫的回憶錄，回顧過往在北美洲、埃及、土耳其、俄國等旅行的經歷。應用Hélène Cixous在《Le Rire de la Méduse》、《Stigmata》與Sara Mills在《Discourses of Difference》中的陳述，以Foucault的話語理論奠基，從社會學與心理學的面向分析。Tristan與Olympe的人生創傷與旅行的愉悅，使他們有機會突破殖民時期傳統的思維與19世紀女性的制式寫作。
第一章主要分析18-19世紀旅遊寫作史的概況，對照當時的社會背景與男女作家寫作的特點。針對本論文兩位研究對象：Flora Tristan和Olympe Audouard，第二章詳述兩位作者的家庭背景與社會成就。第三章主要呈現她們在遊記中的主題，例如穿著、音樂、宗教、生活、社會矛盾、階級和權力等議題的處理，並探討她們如何突破制式的女性寫作與男性化的殖民式寫作。同時，兩位皆支持婦女的自由、權利與「快樂」，亦對於當權者拿破崙一世與三世，表達出反專制統治的思想。Flora的文章是戲劇性地，靈感來自於她的熟人，Olympe則常以幽默諷刺的文筆呈現。第四章詳細探討了她們人生中的創傷、重建自我認同和喚醒社會不公正的方式。Flora為秘魯的教育提出見解、巡視法國的城市、倡導工人的權利等，Olympe則是尋求法律途徑，以合法程序爭取婦女言論自由和出版權。最後的結論中，總結了遊記、回憶錄中自我重建與社會成就的關係。

英文摘要：

This study compares the personal journals and travel writings of Flora Tristan and Olympe Audouard, two 19th century French women who struggled for the rights of women. It focuses mainly upon two works containing their personal reflections on their life: Tristan’s Pérégrinations d’une Paria published after her journey to Peru to claim her patrimony and Audouard’s Voyage à travers mes souvenirs, written as a memoir in her advanced age after her extensive travel writing on her journeys in North America, Egypt and Turkey, as well Russia. The social and the psychological aspects of their writings are investigated using the Foucault discourse theory applied to women’s writing by Sara Mills’ Discourses of Difference and the theories of Hélène Cixous in Laugh of the Medusa and Stigmata. For Tristan and Audouard, it is their personal suffering and the individual ""jouissance"" which they experience in their travels that gives them the freedom and sometimes break through the conventional discourses of the colonial period and stereotypical 19th century women’s writing.
Chapter One contains a survey of the history of French travel writing with a contrasting focus on 18th and 19th century works of men and women’s writing and a description of the social context of the period. Chapter Two studies the influential details of their family background and the recognized social achievements of Tristan and Audouard. Chapter Three compares the women travelers’ use of colonial period themes, showing how they broke through the conventions of women’s writing and French colonialist male writings in their treatment of clothing the body and disrobing or unveiling, of music, of religion, of indigenous life and power, as well as social conflicts and class. Both women in their reflections on Napoleon I and Napoleon III demonstrate that they opposed authoritarian rule and supported the early freedom and rights of women to “jouissance”. While Tristan is dramatic and inspired by her acquaintances, Audouard is often humorous and satirical. Chapter Four examines in detail the ways they wrote about their personal traumas, their construction of a new self-identity and awakening to injustices in society. While Audouard fought legal battles for women’s freedom of expression and the right to publish her work, Tristan spoke up for the education of the indigenous in Peru and toured the cities of France, advocating for the rights of workers. In the conclusion, the relation of the reconstruction of self in their travel memoirs to their social achievements is summarized.